动名词是什么?如何构成动名词?
动名词(Gerund)是一种非谓语动词形式,由动词原形后加上 “-ing” 构成。动名词可以用作名词,在句子中充当名词的角色,表示动作、状态或概念。动名词的构成方式是在动词原形后加上 “-ing”。
例如,动词 “swim” 的动名词是 “swimming”,动词 “read” 的动名词是 “reading”。
在句子中,动名词可以用于不同的作用:
- 作为主语:
- Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。)
- 作为宾语:
- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。)
- 作为介词的宾语:
- She’s interested in learning new languages.(她对学习新语言很感兴趣。)
- 作为形容词的一部分:
- The running water is so refreshing.(流动的水非常清爽。)
需要注意的是,有些动词后的动名词结构中可能需要双写末尾的辅音字母,或者改变拼写,如 “run” → “running”、”swim” → “swimming”。此外,动名词也可以在句子中作为其他非谓语动词的一部分,例如与情态动词、助动词连用来构成各种时态和语态。
动名词的用法
1. 作主语
* Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
* Looking after the patients is a nurse’s job. 照顾病人是护士的职责。
* Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。
有时可以用it作为先行词,而把动名词主语移到句子后部。
* It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
* It‘s nice seeing you here. 在这里见到你很高兴。
* Isn’t it fun playing with Children? 和孩子一块玩不是很有趣吗?
2. 作表语
* Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
* What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的事情就是被人嘲笑。
3. 作宾语
1) 许多动词可有动名词作宾语
* You should avoid making the same mistake next time. 你应该避免下次犯同样的错误。
* They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
* Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你介意把收音机的音量调小一点吗?
* I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。
* I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
* Does your suit require pressing, sir? 先生,你的西服需要熨一下吗?
2)不少成语动词也可以有动名词作宾语
* I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望着收到你的来信。
* The doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生告诉我要戒烟。
* You must pay attention to protecting the environment.你要注意保护环境。
* Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?
* Are you used to living there alone? 你一个人在那里生活习惯吗?
3) 作介词宾语
* They are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 他们正在考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
* We have succeeded in persuading him to give up his plan. 我们已经成功了说服他放弃他的计划。
* She is not afraid of dying. 她不怕死。
* Thank you so much for inviting me. 非常感谢你邀请我。
* What about playing football this afternoon? 今天下午踢足球怎么样?
* On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened. 一看到那条蛇,小女孩就十分害怕。
* She kept sitting there without talking to anybody. 她一直坐在那里,默不作声。
* He should invite his friends here instead of going out. 他应该把朋友邀请到这儿来,而不是出去。
* I have no intention of defending myself. 我无心为自己辩护。
* People give many different reasons for wanting to change jobs. 人们可以给出各种想换工作的理由。
* I am writing to say that I am against building a new zoo in our town. 我写信是想说我反对在我们城市建一个新的动物园。
动名词的完成形式
* We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
* I forgive him for having hurt me so badly in the past. 我原谅了他过去伤害我这么深。
* Tony was very unhappy for not having been invited to the party. 没有被邀请去参加聚会,汤尼很不开心。
动名词的否定形式
动名词的否定形式是在动名词前加not。
* Not doing this is wrong. 不做这个是错误的。
* He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。